It's certainly possible to replicate a MoodleBox on others SBC (= Single Board Computer).
However MoodleBox image won't work, and you'll have to build it manually. Inspection of MoodleBox source code, would enable you to do this.
Note that I spent a lot of time integrating Moodle features with the RPi, so not everything will work the same. Specifically, MoodleBox plugin was developed for the RPi and doesn't work on other SBC.